Horology by Scale: Types and Repair
In horology, we value organisation, categorisation and distinction. That is precisely why timepieces are often classified according to their functions or the context for which they were designed — formal, the finest and most sober in appearance; sports, generally sturdier and more functional or technical in appearance; among other possible categories. However, perhaps the first distinction to consider should be based on their size. Find out, too, how the process of repairing a timepiece works.
Types of Timepieces: Fine, Large and Monumental Horology
The importance of size in classifying timepieces
When classifying the different types of timepieces, one of the most relevant criteria is size. The scale of the movement and the case influences not only aesthetics and functionality, but also the way professionals in horology approach them.
Fine horology: the smallest scale
Smaller-scale timepieces, such as wristwatches and pocket watches, traditionally fall into the category of fine horology. This term is associated with the miniaturisation of components, high mechanical precision and technical and aesthetic refinement. It is the most delicate and detailed branch of horology, requiring specific tools and great manual dexterity.
Large horology: the intermediate scale
Next come wall clocks, longcase clocks and table clocks of large proportions, which belong to the domain of so-called large horology — also sometimes referred to as medium horology. This type of horology involves larger-scale components, more robust striking systems and a less compact construction than that of fine horology.
Monumental horology: the large scale
Finally, we come to the category of monumental horology, which covers tower clocks, installed in churches, public buildings and historic monuments. These large mechanisms require specialised construction, on-site installation and regular maintenance, often with one-off components or parts made to order.
A classification rooted in horological tradition
The distinction between fine horology, large horology and monumental horology is not part of a unified official nomenclature. It is a categorisation that stems from workshop tradition, oral transmission between master watchmakers and specialised technical education. Even today, this classification is widely used by horology professionals, historians and institutions in the sector.
Specialisation in horology: a practical choice
All watchmakers must understand how the three main types of timepieces work. However, it is common for them to choose to specialise in one of them. This choice often depends on the characteristics of the watchmaking workshop and the tools available, more than on technical knowledge of the different mechanisms.
Of the three fields, fine horology is the most common area of specialisation, since there are more timepieces of this type in circulation than large horology pieces or monumental ones.
Watch and clock repair: dismantling, cleaning, lubrication and regulation
The repair of mechanical timepieces — whether fine horology, large horology or monumental horology — almost always requires the complete dismantling of all the timepiece's components. Each part must be carefully cleaned, using purified benzine or cleaning solutions specific to horology, applied by hand or by means of rotary cleaning machines or ultrasonic machines.
Clock being serviced on the IPR's large horology course Clock being serviced on the IPR's large horology course
Clock being serviced on the IPR's large horology course
After cleaning, all parts are inspected individually to identify wear, faults or defects. Whenever necessary, the watchmaker carries out repairs to parts, replacement with compatible components or even the hand-making of new parts, especially on old or rare timepieces.
Next comes the meticulous reassembly of the mechanism, with the application of suitable horological oils at each point of contact, according to the type of movement. Correct lubrication is essential to the proper functioning and durability of the timepiece.
Finally, the timepiece's performance is tested with the help of timegraphers or precision measuring machines, which analyse the regularity of the tick-tock, the amplitude of the balance and the timekeeping accuracy, allowing the watchmaker to make the final adjustments.
Repair services provided by the IPR
At the IPR we work with a specialised network of watchmakers, which allows us to accept all kinds of timepieces for repair, regardless of their complexity or size. If you have a timepiece that needs attention, do not hesitate to contact us.
We provide the following services:
– Case polishing and restoration
– Complete movement servicing
– Repair of mechanical components
– Dial and hand restoration
How the repair process works at the IPR
Timepieces are handed in in person at the IPR, where we carry out an initial technical assessment. After the diagnosis, a detailed quote is presented to the customer. Once the quote has been accepted, we begin the repair, servicing or restoration work, as required. When the work is complete, the timepiece is returned to the customer in perfect working order.
Timepieces can be dropped off and collected on:
Mondays, Thursdays and Fridays, 10:00 to 17:00
If you cannot come to the IPR, you can also consult our National Directory of Watchmakers, where you will find qualified professionals all over the country.
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